Eddie Dukeman<wbr/><br/><wbr/><br/>Financial<wbr/>economics is the branch of economics concerned with "the allocation and deployment of economic resources, both spatially and across time, in an uncertain environment". It is additionally characterised by its "concentration on monetary activities", in which "money of one type or another is likely to appear on both sides of a trade". The questions within financial economics are typically framed in terms of "time, uncertainty, options and information".<wbr/><br/><wbr/><br/>*<wbr/>Time: money now is traded for money in the future.<br/>* Uncertainty (or risk): The amount of money to be transferred in the future is uncertain.<br/>* Options: one party to the transaction can make a decision at a later time that will affect subsequent transfers of money.<br/>* Information: knowledge of the future can reduce, or possibly eliminate, the uncertainty associated with future monetary value (FMV).<wbr/><br/><wbr/><br/>Contact<wbr/>Eddie Dukhman:A situation in which bank runs are widespread is called a systemic banking crisis or just a banking panic. A situation without widespread bank runs, but in which banks are reluctant to lend, because they worry that they have insufficient funds available, is often called a credit crunch. In this way, the banks become an accelerator of a financial crisis.<br/>Dukhman Eddie<wbr/><br/><wbr/><br/>Trading<wbr/>of currencies and bonds is largely on a bilateral basis, although some bonds trade on a stock exchange, and people are building electronic systems for these as well, similar to stock exchanges.<wbr/><br/><wbr/><br/>Financial<wbr/>markets can be domestic or they can be international.<wbr/><br/><wbr/><br/>Eddie<wbr/>Dukhman:<wbr/><br/><wbr/><br/>Banking<wbr/>services<wbr/><br/><wbr/><br/>The<wbr/>primary operations of banks include:<br/><br/>* Keeping money safe while also allowing withdrawals when needed<br/>* Issuance of checkbooks so that bills can be paid and other kinds of payments can be delivered by post<br/>* Provide personal loans, commercial loans, and mortgage loans (typically loans to purchase a home, property or business)<br/>* Issuance of credit cards and processing of credit card transactions and billing<br/>* Issuance of debit cards for use as a substitute for
